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The Debt $4.99 The Debt |
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In Debt To $9.99 In Debt To |
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Debt Debt $12.49 Debt Debt |
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Debt Relief and Beyond $19.99 The history of debt relief goes back several decades. It reveals that a country’s accumulation of unsustainable debt stems from such factors as deficiencies in macroeconomic management, adverse terms-of-trade shocks, and poor governance. Debt-relief initiatives have provided debt-burdened countries with the opportunity for a fresh start, but whether the benefits of debt relief can be preserved depends on transformations in a country’s policies and institutions.In 1996, the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative was launched as the first comprehensive, multilateral, debt-relief framework for low-income countries. In 2005, the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative was established, which increased the level of debt relief provided to HIPCs. As of early 2009, assistance through these two initiatives had been committed to 35 countries and amounted to US$117 billion in nominal terms, or half of the 2007 GDP of these countries.Debt Relief and Beyond assesses the implications of debt relief for low-income countries and how its benefits can be preserved and used to fight poverty. The chapter authors bring unique operational experience to their examination of debt relief, debt sustainability, and debt management. Several key questions are addressed, including:What consequences does debt relief have for poverty-reducing expenditures, growth, and access to finance? Can debt relief guarantee debt sustainability? How can debt management at all levels of government be improved? What lessons can be learned from countries that have experienced debt restructuring? Finally, this book provides sound empirical evidence using current econometric techniques. |
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Debt Relief and Beyond: Lessons Learned and Challenges Ahead $35.3 The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative is the first comprehensive multilateral debt relief framework for low-income countries. After 12 years of this initiative, 33 countries have qualified for HIPC assistance. Debt relief, associated with HIPC and the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI), introduced in 2005, amounts to US$117 billion in nominal terms, benefiting 33 countries - an amount that represents about 50 percent of these countries 2007 GDP. This book assesses the implications of debt relief for low-income countries and how the benefits from debt relief can be preserved in the future. It examines key question related to debt relief, debt sustainability and debt management: what are the consequences of debt relief to low-income countries for poverty-reducing expenditures, growth and access to finance?; can debt relief guarantee debt sustainability? how can debt management in low-income countries be improved?; which lessons can low-income countries learn from other countries that went through debt restructuring episodes? This volume attempts to answer these and other important questions. |
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Aid Effectiveness, Debt Capacity and Debt Management $133.82 The study analyzes effectiveness of foreign aid in Pakistan in terms of its ability in promoting GDP growth. The analysis is based on a theoretical model of public sector behaviour.The results show that foreign aid has not contributed favourably to GDP growth rate in Pakistan. The ineffectiveness can be attributed to indirect diversion of aid funds to non productive activities and inefficiency in resource allocation,especially in the public sector. Howvere the study argues that foreign aid has been instrumental in supporting the growth rate in consumption that otherwise would not have been possible. Furthermore foreign aid and external borrowing made it easier to avoid hard policy choices such as heavy taxation of income and consumption.The analyses reveal that Pakistans long run debtservicing capacity is extremely low, primarily due to low savings and productivity. External borrowing must be undertaken within the framework of economic plans rather than making the planning exercise contingent on the availability of external resources. Author: Ishfaq, Dr Mohammad Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 132 Publication Date: 2009/07/26 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.30 inches |
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Gdp: A Business Perspective $113.11 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the corresponding national accounting framework, are frequently used by businesses, both directly and indirectly when making short and longterm business decisions. This document aims to investigate how businesses, adopting either a classic or stakeholder approach to business, measure the economy in which they operate, with particular focus on the value and influence of GDP. Using a business perspective, the suitability of GDP as a window into the macroeconomy is explored, from how GDP is calculated, how businesses and individuals regard GDP, and how GDP is used within the business environment. As GDP is a well trusted economic indicator, certain shortcomings of GDP as a sustainable measure of the economy, are examined in detail, including wealth, the environment, and wellbeing. Author: Shaw, Benjamin Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 96 Publication Date: 2010/01/12 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.22 inches |
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Oakley Men's Oakley Overtake Shoe $85 Push the limits until they break with the Oakley Men's Overtake Shoes. Designed for long lasting durability and uncompromising style, these urban shoes will keep your feet in breathable cushioned comfort no matter what's on the agenda. At home in an action sports arena or your local bike shop, the Oakley Overtake Shoes for men are all about urban attitude. |
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Debt $32 Before there was money, there was debt Every economics textbook says the same thing: Money was invented to replace onerous and complicated barter systems—to relieve ancient people from having to haul their goods to market. The problem with this version of history? There’s not a shred of evidence to support it. Here anthropologist David Graeber presents a stunning reversal of conventional wisdom. He shows that for more than 5,000 years, since the beginnings of the first agrarian empires, humans have used elaborate credit systems to buy and sell goods—that is, long before the invention of coins or cash. It is in this era, Graeber argues, that we also first encounter a society divided into debtors and creditors. Graeber shows that arguments about debt and debt forgiveness have been at the center of political debates from Italy to China, as well as sparking innumerable insurrections. He also brilliantly demonstrates that the language of the ancient works of law and religion (words like “guilt,” “sin,” and “redemption”) derive in large part from ancient debates about debt, and shape even our most basic ideas of right and wrong. We are still fighting these battles today without knowing it. Debt: The First 5,000 Years is a fascinating chronicle of this little known history—as well as how it has defined human history, and what it means for the credit crisis of the present day and the future of our economy. From the Hardcover edition. |
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Life and Debt $13.99 Life and Debt |
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The Debt OST $11.49 The Debt OST |
Trade surplus dips 59% on lower oil prices, bank credit by Zawya
Lower oil prices and production, allied with a sharp fall in bank credit to commerce and other sectors, depressed the UAE's trade surplus by about 59 per cent in 2009 after hitting a record high level in 2008, official data showed yesterday.
From a peak of about $63.5 billion (Dh233bn) in 2008, the surplus in the country's trade balance dived to about $25.8bn (Dh94.6bn), a decline of nearly 59.3 per cent, showed the figures by the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF).
The fall turned the UAE's current account surplus of about 8.8 per cent of GDP in 2008 into a deficit of nearly 2.7 per cent, said the Abu Dhabi-based fund, the Arab League's main financial establishment. "The sharp fall in the trade surplus turned a large current account surplus in 2008 into a deficit... the fall in the trade balance was caused by a large decline of nearly 32 per cent in the UAE's exports last year," the AMF said.
Its figures, based on UAE Government statistics, showed the country's total exports of goods slumped to nearly $163bn in 2009 from a record $239.8bn in 2008.
The report cited a sharp slowdown in bank credit and lower oil prices and output by the UAE for the large decline in exports last year.
Oil prices tumbled by about 35 per cent to an average $62 in 2009 from a record high of $95 in 2008 after oil demand was hit by the global fiscal crisis.
The UAE's crude output is also believed to have dipped by nearly 10 per cent to an average 2.25 million barrels per day last year from 2.5 million bpd in 2008.
The drop was coupled with a sharp slowdown in credits by the country's 24 national banks and 28 foreign units because of the crisis and a debt default problem involving the Saudi Saad and Algosaibi family conglomerates.
Central Bank and AMF data showed growth in bank credit to the private sector plummeted from a record 49.3 per cent in 2008 to only about 1.9 per cent in 2009 to reach nearly Dh892bn by the end of the year.
The slowdown in credit has hit most non-oil sectors in the UAE, mainly trade, construction, real estate and personal loans.
Analysts said slackening bank credit has sharply stifled growth in the domestic economy but added this was partly offset by a large rise in public spending.
"The UAE economy could have plunged steeply in 2009 but it was cushioned by heavy public spending as part of the government's stimulus plan that followed the global financial crisis," said an economist at an Abu Dhabi bank.
Public expenditure in the UAE hit a record high of Dh289bn in 2009 despite a steep drop in oil revenue to about Dh217.5bn from Dh450.3bn in 2008. Besides oil and non-hydrocarbon revenue, the UAE's consolidated budget is supported by massive foreign assets controlled by the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, believed to be the world's largest sovereign wealth fund.
Despite the decline last year, the UAE was the largest exporter in the Arab World after overtaking Saudi Arabia, according to the Kuwaiti-based Inter-Arab Investment Guarantee Corporation, another key Arab League institution.
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$13 Trillion Debt Poised to Overtake US GDP!